July 25 has been a date marked by remarkable events that have shaped history. One of the most profound events occurred on July 25, 1610, when Galileo Galilei made a discovery that forever changed our understanding of the cosmos. Using his improved telescope, Galileo observed the four largest moons orbiting Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—now collectively known as the Galilean moons. This was revolutionary because it challenged the long-held geocentric view that Earth was the center of the universe. Galileo’s observations provided strong evidence that not all celestial bodies revolve around the Earth, paving the way for modern astronomy and altering humanity’s place in the cosmos. Fast forward to July 25, 1794, during the French Revolution, when the fall of the radical leader Maximilien Robespierre took place. Robespierre, a key architect of the Reign of Terror, was arrested and executed on this day, marking a turning point in the revolution. His
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