October 23 has been a date marked by pivotal moments that have shaped world history. Starting with the event that cast a long shadow over global affairs: On October 23, 1935, Italian forces launched a full-scale invasion of Ethiopia, then known as Abyssinia. This aggressive military campaign initiated the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, a conflict that would become a critical moment in the lead-up to World War II. Italy, under the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini, sought to expand its colonial empire in Africa, and Ethiopia was one of the few independent African nations at the time. The invasion was met with international condemnation, particularly from the League of Nations, the precursor to the United Nations, which struggled to effectively respond to the aggression. The war exposed the limitations of collective security agreements and emboldened other authoritarian regimes, highlighting the fragility of peace in the interwar period. Despite Ethiopian resistance, Italy's modernized
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